Informatics Publishing Limited

P. M. Sangal

Abstract

A brief overview of the available methods of fire survelliance as developed in other countries as compared to the method in use in our country at present has brought out the defficiencies of our present system into sharp focus. The necessity of organising fire prediction system and improving the detection and communication systems has been emphasized. The need for organising broad band based research efforts, accurate reporting of forest fires on a uniform basis througout the country, training of fire observers etc. bas been stressed.

Full Text

     

K. K. Sharma , K. C. Naithani , P. M. Sangal

Abstract

High temperatures generated by forest fires have a profound effect on seeds particularly those lying on the forest floor or buried in top layer of the soil. The seeds of different species are known to vary in their tolerance to high temperatures depending on their individual characters chiefly the type of seed coat. While soft seeds are consumed by the fire' the seeds of some species having hard seed coats actually need fairly high temperatures to break the dormacy and to induce germination. Such variations in heat tolerance behaviour of seeds account for the pattern of vegetational succession following burning of an area. Heat tolerance behaviour of seeds of forest as well as agricultural crops has been studied by many workers abroad but no such work appears to have been done in India. The results of a pilot laboratory trial on the seeds of Leucaena leucocephala are discussed in this paper. It has been found that dry heat treatment of 75°-80°C for 5 minutes actually increased the germination whereas temperature range of 125°-130°C for 5 minutes proved lethal for these seeds.

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal

Abstract

Fire prevention through reductIon of risk or chance of a forest fire starting through the activities of the causative agencies (chiefly man), is tbe best form of fire protection Techniques of fire prevention viz. public education and compulsion (mainly law enforcement) have been described, the present position about fire prevention in India has been reviewed and suggestions have been made for improvement. The suggestions include aggressive publicity campaign, creation of research and training facilities, celebration of Fire Prevention Week, enactment of comprehensive legislation to deal with fires, establishment of Forest Protection Force for enforcement of legal provisions, suitable recognition for forest officials for good work done etc.

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal

Abstract

With functional allocation of 46.4% land area under agriculture and 22.7% under forestry, the country is not able to meet the requirements of its growing human and cattle population for food, fuel, fodder etc. and huge ammount or money has to be spent on imports Poverty and unemploymeat are rampant, Extensive areas are suffering denudation as a result of heavy biotic pressure. Agro-forestry, which is a multiple was concept of land management, is capable of meeting the challenge at least partially through eschewing the false dicotomy of agriculture and forestry resulting in optiomal land use and conservation of eco-system. Agro-forestry systems have tremendous scope and potential for rural development and can serve as base for various social forestry shemes. Need for intensive reaearch for developing the package of agro-forestry technology to suit different agro-climatic zones in India has be stressed Management implications have been indicated.

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal , S. K. Mukherji , Balwant Singh

Abstract

No abstract

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal

Abstract

no abstract

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal

Abstract

The terms Cull, Cull wood alld Cull Factor are proposed for use in Indian Forestry. The need for conducting a regular Cull Survey within the frame work of the proposed National Forest Survey in conjunction with the specialists in different fields and State Forest Departments has been stressed.

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal

Abstract

Forest are an important source of food particularly for the tribal population (forest dwellers) which depends substantially on the edible products of the forests. A study of the food habits of the forest dwelling tribals is important not only for a better understanding of their needs in relation to management of forests but also for identifying potential sources of edible products which could be utilised in the wake of an emergency or cultivated as a source of food material or for industrial uses for the ever increasing needs of the general population. Forest food of the aborigines of Andaman and Nicobar Islands has been described.

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal

Abstract

An examination of the available statistics relating to the forests, forest based industries and marketing of forest products in the country has been undertaken in the context of the use to which such statistics are to be put. This examination has revealed several limitations of the present system of collection of the statistical information. Possible remedial measures suggested include declaring the Heads of State Forest Departments as Statistical Authority in respect of the forest areas and forest based industries located within their territorial jurisdiction, setting up of an organisation at central and state levels to deal with marketing of forest products, centralisation of collection and compilation of statistical information and taking up special enduse surveys, drain surveys etc.

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal

Abstract

'Annual Survey of Industries' published by the Central Statistical Organisation of the Govt. of India is a potention source of statistical information on the utilisation pattern of wood in one sector of the Indian economy-the manufacturing sector. The information from 1964-ASI (Census part) has been compild and presented here. It is estimated that the total apparent consumption of roundwood raw material equivalent in 1964 was 4.416 million cubic metres in the 'large scale' sector of Indian Industries. Of this 43.10% was used as fuel, 21.15% as packaging material and the balance of 36.75% as basic raw material for wood based and other industries taken together. Suggestions have been made for improvement of the data base.

Full Text

     

P. M. Sangal , B. Seetaram Singh

Abstract

In the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, trained elephants are used to perform various kinds of activities like rolling and dragging of logs, rafting, loading and unloading on trucks and trolleys, etc., and are also sometimes used as prime movers of tramways. The Andamans Forest Department maintains a herd consisting of 95 e1ephants at present. Elephants have been purchased by the Andamans Forest Department from various sources in the past, but Sonepore has been the main source. Whenever elephants have been purchased from Sonepore, they used to be marched all the way to Calcutta where they bad to wait for shipment to Andamans. This used to take 2 to 3 months and sometimes more. In 1972, for the first times elephants were transported from Sonepore to Calcutta by trucks and were loaded on the ship within a matter or five days from the date of purchase. This obviously saved a considerable amount of money, apart from saving the idle time and inconvenience which the elephants escort party had to undergo on such occasions. Background information on the Sonepore fair and the method of selection, purchase and shipment of elephants is given here for the benefit of the readers.

Full Text